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Disney bomb
The Disney Bomb, also known as the Disney Swish,〔 officially the 4500 lb Concrete Piercing/Rocket Assisted bomb was a rocket-assisted bunker buster bomb developed during the Second World War by the British Royal Navy to penetrate hardened concrete targets, such as submarine pens, that could resist conventional free-fall bombs. Devised by Royal Navy Captain Edward Terrell, the bomb was fitted with solid-fuel rockets to accelerate its descent, giving it an impact speed of and hence the ability to penetrate of solid concrete before detonating. The name is attributed to a propaganda film produced by the Walt Disney Studios, that provided the inspiration for the design.
The Disney bomb saw limited use by the United States Army Air Forces in Europe from February to April 1945. Although technically successful, it initially lacked the pinpoint accuracy required for bunker targets. It was deployed late in the war and overall had little effect on the Allied bombing campaign against Germany.
==Background==
During the Second World War, Barnes Wallis developed for the Royal Air Force two large "earthquake" bombs, the five-ton Tallboy and the ten-ton Grand Slam, for use against targets too heavily protected to be affected by conventional high explosive bombs. These enormous weapons were designed to strike close by their target, to penetrate deeply into the earth, and to cause major structural damages, making repair uneconomic, by the shock waves transmitted through the ground. In practice, they proved capable of penetrating a significant thickness of concrete if they scored a direct hit despite not being designed for that purpose by Wallis, who had to work within the accuracy limitations of current bombsights and the resulting low accuracy of the bombings.〔After sliding into the soil or rock beneath or around the target, the energy of detonation is transferred into the structure or creates a camouflet (cavern or crater) into which the target would fall.〕〔The Royal Air Force introduced into operational service in 1943 an improved precision bombsight: the Stabilizing Automatic Bomb Sight. 617 Squadron achieved a precision of at the V1 Weapon launch site at Abbeville on 16/17 December 1943. (Bomber Command Diary December 1943 )〕
The Disney bomb, by contrast, was designed from the start to directly penetrate the thick concrete roofs of fortified bunkers. Whereas the earthquake bomb's target was the bunker itself, the Disney bomb's target was the bunker's contents. To this end, the warhead was composed of an unusually thick steel shell, containing a comparatively small amount of explosive.〔The Disney's explosive charge was 11% of the weight of the bomb. Around 50% of the weight of conventional bombs is explosive (see General-purpose bomb)〕 It was shaped to be much slimmer than was usual for aircraft-dropped bombs and a cluster of booster rockets accelerated the weapon as it fell, so it struck the target with a velocity much greater than its free-fall, terminal velocity. These features accord with Newton's approximation for impact depth, and the empirical design equation known as ''Young's equation'' that state that the deepest target penetration is achieved by a projectile that is dense, long and thin (i.e. has a large sectional density), and strikes with a high velocity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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